Charles M. Manson :: essays research papers

Charles M. MansonIn this world there are cults eitherwhere. Whether theyre in the US,China, or maybe next-door there is always one common factor, control. CharlesManson was a cult leader in southern California during the sixties. Like allcult leadership Manson had his own small band of followers. His influence was sogreat that his followers were willing to kill for him at his smallest whim.Charles Manson was very paranoid and was under the influnce that therewas to be an upcoming race war. He called this race war Helter Skelter.Page 1Charles M. Manson was born in Cincinnati on November 11, 1934. Hismother Kathleen Maddox, a teenage prostitute, his father was a man remembered asColonel Scott. In order to give her bastard son a name she married WilliamManson. He quickly abandoned the both of them. In 1939 Kathleen Maddox wasarrested for robbery and Charles was direct to live with his aunt and grandmother.Charles remembered his aunt as a harsh disciplinarian and favored is unclebeca use he gave him money for the movies and took him on frequent look for trips.Only when his uncle became ill did his unfit mother come and reclaim herunwanted son and moved to Indianapolis.When Mrs. Manson reclaimed her son she promised that she would take careof him and provide for his every need. Unfortunately, all these promises weresoon shattered by liquor and men. She frequently neglected Charles by tellinghim she would be back in an hour and then not show up for the rest of the night.Sometimes when her guilt took her over she would give him fifty cents andanother promise and at other times she just do by him.When Mrs. Manson got fed up with taking care of Charles she arranged tohave Charles put in a foster home, but arrangements fell through. As a snuff itresort she sent Charles to Gibault School in Terre Haute. Mrs. Manson couldntkeep up the payments and once again Charles was sent back to his mothers abuse.At only fourteen Manson rented himself a inhabit and supported him self with oddjobs and petty theft. His mother turned him into the juvenile authorities.Once there Manson met Rev. George Powers who had him sent to Boys Town nearOmaha, Nebraska. Charles spent a total of one-third days in Boys Town beforerunning away with his new friend Blackie Neilson. They were arrested in Peoria,Illinois for robbing a grocery store and returned back to Indianapolis. Charleswas then sent to the Indiana Boys School in Plainfield where he ran away another

It’s a Hard Knock Life for Them Essay -- Literary Analysis

In both Katherine Porters The Jilting of Granny Weatherall and Eudora Weltys why I Live in the P.O., the main characters deal with family members they frankly do non like. Due to both of their being jilted by men, they are full moon of resentment and anger causing these women to leave their families on bad terms. Porter and Welty are presenting through the characters flashbacks and memories that we should pick our battles wisely when it comes to our families because one solar day they will be gone and, some of us might miss our deceased loved ones, like Granny from The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, or be modify with a hatred towards them, like sister from Why I Live in the P.O..Porter and Welty both provide flashbacks and memories in their stories to help the reader percolate what Granny and Sisters lives were like before everything fell apart with their families. Porters The Jilting of Granny Weatherall is packed of the flashbacks and memories of Grannys past relationships wit h the nevertheless people she loves even though are all dead. She reminisced about her youthful days when she was strong, independent, and with John, the man who stood her up at the altar and died when Granny was young. She still loves him and wants to listen him, but John would be looking for a young woman with the peaked Spanish comb in her hair and the painted fan, (Porter 81) she believed he would not recognize her. Granny also lost one of her daughters, Hapsy along with her newborn who also died. When Granny brought those memories to the surface a fog of darkness, clouds reality and she gets lost and recalls that, in that location was the day, the day, but a whirl of dark smoke rose and covered it, crept up and over into the bright field where everything was planted so c... ...to be dogged like Sister. The flashbacks allow the reader to go back with the characters and see what we missed out on, example Grannys happier days, when she had her man and she was strong and youn g, or Sisters happier days when she also had her man and was treated respectably by certain members of her family. Furthermore, I believe the point both authors proposed was this, Choose battles wisely and set free or, forever suffer continuous loss. Works CitedPorter, Katherine. The Jilting of Granny Weatherall. Literature An intro to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 11th ed. New York Longman, 2010. 79-86. Print.Welty, Eudora. Why I Live at the P.O. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 11th ed. New York Longman, 2010. 42-50. Print.

Themes in Silas Marner :: Silas Marner Essays

Themes in Silas Marner   Silas Marner, written by George Eliot in 1861, attempts to prove that love of others is ultimately more fulfilling than love of money. This home shows throughout the book, though the carriage in which it is revealed leaves a bit to be desired. Often Silas Marner is criticized for being such a simple, unrealistic story. It does seem odd that after cardinal years of virtually solitary confinement, Silas can trade his love of gold for his love of a daughter overnight. Despite Eliots attempt to portray Silass reawakening to society as a slow transition, the reader interprets his change of heart as a direct and immediate result of Eppies arrival. Despite these flaws in the story, the overall theme that man cannot live in a vacuum is portrayed by Eliot very well. Though Silas finds some satisfaction in his tenacious weaving and lay aside of gold, he only discovers true cheer after he dedicates himself to inter-personal relationships. Though his exile fro m Lantern Yard proves devastating to his self confidence and trust in others and God, fifteen years later Silas makes a full recovery, adopting Eppie to replace his love of money with love of a daughter. The fact that Lantern Yard has disappeared years later when Silas and Eppie go to assure it suggests that this town is no longer dear to Silas. In fact the removal of the town serves as a metaphor for Silass ability to find happiness outside his past. Also, near the conclusion of the story, the fits of Silas seem to have subsided. This makes sense because since the bachelor weaver has recovered and Eppie has opened his eyes to the reality of the world again, his soul is no longer separate from his body. While before, his soul was exiled and held in a purgatory of sorts before he found Eppie, now his spirit is alive and well, living in the present. up to now he still has relapses, suggesting that the fifteen years of self-torture have left permanent scars on his troubled soul. On e lesser theme of the book is in regards to the Cass family. Eliot, through her portrayal of Godfrey and Dunstan as wealthinessy, selfish scoundrels who try to use one another and others to their personal advantage, asserts that the upper class has damaged society. While the Cass family, thinking that their wealth gives them undue privilege and rights to property (Godfreys attempt to seize Eppie from Silas), seems incredibly egocentric, Silas, representing the lower class, is seen as a humble victim of class bias.

Why Do We Need Solar Energy? Essay -- essays research papers

Why Do We Need Solar Energy?With the worlds natural resources depleting rapidly, humans must experience a way to compensate. This society has milked oil, coal, gasoline, lead, uranium, and many other of these reservoirs in our Earth for hundreds of years and much has been done. Asphalt was apply for our roads and highways, coal was originally used for heat before there was oil, and even water was used as a form of electricity on many rural farms. Luckily, more companies some the world are waking up to the fact that these resources will not be around forever, and that in the near future, other forms of dynamism will share heed. Solar capability, or energy powered by the sun, is one of the most promising. Since the suns rays create so much for the wildlife that surrounds us, why cant it do the same for people? It can, and as many industries are finding out, will be around long after the other resources are gone.What is solar energy? To fully comprehend this, background informati on must be presented. How did we get to the point we are at now? Most people savour to the 1973 oil embargo, where Arab delegates announced theyd no longer be shipping petroleum oil to countries, such as the U.S., who had supported Israel in their conflict with Egypt. astir(predicate) the same time as this was announced, members of OPEC agreed to quadruple world oil prices. Focus then turned to solar energy. With barely any oil be imported, the Federal government started putting close to $400 million per year for research on solar energy. The facts were and still are ever-present oil, coal, and nuclear energy are depletable, causing a massive amount of pollutive particles to go up into the air, which in turn causes a bounty of problems. On the other hand, solar energy is clean and re youthfulable with no bad after effects. The actual definition of solar energy is energy from the sun thats converted into thermal or electric energy. The terminology used when discussing solar energy may be complex and difficult to understand to the average Joe. This is because not much has been done to essay and explain the uses or even the way this system operates to the public. The money allocated by the government has seemed to go towards research instead of encouraging and educating the people about the benefits of renewable energy. The breakdown shows us that ... ...exchanger, radiant floor, low consumption plumbing, fresh air intake, and propane for heat, cooking, and drying of clothes. These are the essentials of one solar powered house. Yes it sounds like a lot of work, still the same amount goes into a regular home. Some solar- homeowners are attracted by the low cost of monthly bills, others by the practicality. Whichever, the benefits to the inhibitors and the environment are well price the time and money spent.In summation, we can change the world like Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young once said. It can start with one person, but will get hold of more support in order to flourish. Solar energy is not the answer to all of the worlds problems. There are constant new ones emerging each day as we humans make our everlasting impact on the planet. Yet, to get something done, one must do it himself using any(prenominal) it takes. Partnerships, group aid awareness, community action, maybe even wars, but the time for action is quickly passing us by. The environment in which we all make love in and by depends on us and the way we live in this world. With voice, action, education, and funding we will start to see a new and better future.

Theorectical Bases For Counseling :: essays research papers

Five major theoretical bases for counseling in psychology are biological, learning, cognitive, psychodynamic, and sociocultural. Each hotshot of these perspectives searches for answers about conduct through different techniques and researching a clients childhood or adult life experiences looking for answers to different kinds of questions. Due to the different types and styles of counseling approaches, from each one counselor forms their own thoughts and explanations. The premise behind the biological perspective in psychology is that all actions, feelings, and thoughts are associated with different events in a persons life. Biological psychologists examine how the electrical impulses, hormones, and chemicals flowing through the body can affect behavior. Physocologists are concerned with how the aspects of biology effect pluralitys emotions and their lore of events.Many of the important findings in psychology from the behavioral theory later evolving into the social learning th eory or cognitive social learning theory. carriage therapists used to believe that actions were responses to stimuli that were learned. This concept led to a broadening of psychology. Many groups that were often overlooked by psychologists until behavior therapy became the dominant school of psychology in the U.S. after the 1960s. The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on the thought process. Psychologists from this school argue that it is necessary to know what is going on in the mind to in full understand why a person will do the things that they do. The reason for cognitive psychology is to understand how perceptions and interpretations relate to behavior. Why some people yield to violence when insulted while another person will not. Many critics of the psychodynamic therapy do not believe psychodynamic theories have any bearing on psychology. Based upon the particular that many of the psychoanalysis assumptions could not be verified. Research psychologists were more related to philosophy rather than clinical science. Though not as scientific as the other theories the psychodynamic theory is still associated with psychology.The sociocultural perspective concentrates on an individuals culture or society rather than the individual. To understand why people show certain behavior traits. Psychologists look at what effects the persons community and how other people affect a person.These five theoretical bases are convertible because they all try to determine what causes a person to be how they are. If I were to do counseling, I think I would like to become a behavior therapist. I am fascinated by what makes a person what they are, and why does a person do what they do?

Theorectical Bases For Counseling :: essays research papers

Five major theoretical bases for counseling in psychology are biological, learning, cognitive, psychodynamic, and sociocultural. Each one of these perspectives searches for answers round behavior through different techniques and researching a clients childhood or adult life experiences looking for answers to different kinds of questions. Due to the different types and styles of counseling approaches, each counseling forms their own thoughts and explanations. The premise behind the biological perspective in psychology is that only actions, feelings, and thoughts are associated with different events in a persons life. biologic psychologists examine how the electrical impulses, hormones, and chemicals flowing through the body can affect behavior. Physocologists are concerned with how the aspects of biology effect peoples emotions and their perception of events. galore(postnominal) of the important findings in psychology from the behavioral theory later evolving into the social lear ning theory or cognitive social learning theory. Behavior therapists apply to believe that actions were responses to stimuli that were learned. This concept led to a broadening of psychology. Many groups that were often overlooked by psychologists until behavior therapy became the dominant school of psychology in the U.S. subsequently the 1960s. The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on the thought process. Psychologists from this school argue that it is necessary to know what is going on in the mind to fully understand why a person will do the things that they do. The reason for cognitive psychology is to understand how perceptions and interpretations relate to behavior. Why some people turn to force-out when insulted while an separate person will not. Many critics of the psychodynamic therapy do not believe psychodynamic theories have any bearing on psychology. Based upon the fact that some(prenominal) of the psychoanalysis assumptions could not be verified. Research psychologists were more related to philosophy rather than clinical science. Though not as scientific as the other theories the psychodynamic theory is still associated with psychology.The sociocultural perspective concentrates on an individuals culture or society rather than the individual. To understand why people depict certain behavior traits. Psychologists look at what effects the persons community and how other people affect a person.These five theoretical bases are similar because they all try to determine what causes a person to be how they are. If I were to do counseling, I think I would like to become a behavior therapist. I am fascinated by what makes a person what they are, and why does a person do what they do?

History of Art Essay

Discuss the evolution of the idea of ravisher through the history of fraud. The idea of beauty, the everlasting(a) human body, is a result of culture religious functions, advertisements, economy, and other factors. The definition of beauty is not an inherent concept, since every age, place and social class form its own ideal of it. This evolution of beauty is shown explicitly through the history of finesse. Art, in diverse periods, was influenced in the main by history and religion. I will hash out this transition from the Middle Ages to metempsychosis, from Impressionism to Expressionism and later Cubism. I will discuss artworks by various artists such as Giotto, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Degas and Picasso. I will analyze the means they depicted their ideas of beauty, compare and contrast the concepts the artists used to transmit their ideas. Giotto Di Bond unmatchable (1266/7 1337) was an Italian painter and architect from Florence in the late Middle Ages. In the transit ional period between International Gothic and Renaissance, Giotto was among the first to make use of proportions to represent human figures.He worked on perspective and rounded sculptural forms that appear to meet been based on living models rather than on idealized conventional human figure. Giotto rejected the long, elegant lines of the Byzantine style and went for a more true-to-life(prenominal) representation. He based his works on the real rather than the divine and idealistic. Painted in 1300 for the Church of San Francesco in Pisa, The Stigmatization of St. Francis illustrates stories from the life of the saint, who was a limited inspiration to Giotto. In this signed panel, Giotto uses the realistic human form, space, colour, gesture and placement of figures to tell the story in a new, human-like way. It remained for Masaccio (1401 1428), a century later, to expand upon Giottos monumental style. Masaccio applied mathematical laws in his paintings and created an illusion o f space and distance. Masaccio was and still is considered a genius and is best known for the fresco of The Holy Trinity with the perfect(a) and St. John (1425 Santa Maria Novella, Florence), the first successful depiction in painting of the new concept of Renaissance space.When he joined atmospheric perspective with elongate perspective later that century, a greater illusion of reality was gived. Also, his figures show weight mainly by use of drapery folds. In the peak of Renaissance, Botticelli (1445 1510) was one of the most prominent artists of the time, with Birth of Venus (1486 Uffizi Gallery), world arguably one of his most famous works. It is also one of the most treasured works of the Renaissance period. In it, Venus (the Roman goddess of love, beauty, sex, fertility, prosperity and victory Known as Aphrodite in Greek mythology), one abide see the graceful way Botticelli smooth the goddess. Venus is illustrated as an immaculate, pure being. Also, her nude depictio n is significant in itself. At that time, were almost all paintings were based on Christianity, Botticelli was almost considered as revolutionary, as nude women were hardly ever portrayed. Furthermore, Botticelli portrayed figures having steep shoulders and long hands as he wanted to idealise the human figure. In 1492, Michelangelo undertook the study of pattern based on the dissection of corpses.In the time of high Renaissance, Michelangelo used different methods to portray figures. As a result of his intense study of the human body, he depicted figures with extreme details, and enlargement of the muscles and tissues. This technique can be noticed through his works such as David (1500-1504), found in Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence. In the 19th century, art took a different course. This was the way towards what we call Modern art. In the 1870s, Impressionism was at its peak. Impressionists no longer focused mainly on beauty but rather preferred to focus on the nature of light. Impressionism is a style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience rather than to achieve accurate depiction. Edgar Degas (1834 1917) was an Impressionist whos known for his artworks involving nudity.It is interesting that in his artworks he never seeks to make the subject identifiable. Instead he often portrays them from their derriere and as they engaged in daily tasks, such as The Bathers. Later in history, a new art movement arose Expressionism. After the horror of the frontmost World War only practicability is important. The difference between the sexes vanishes for the first time in art history. Curves are no longer an ideal. Expressionists focused mainly on getting their message across by means of colour and distortions. This is why artworks from this period are misshaped and altered, rather than focusing on realism and beauty. Expressionism is a very explicit example of art being used as means of communication.Many consider art from the 20th century to be revolution ary, with Cubism being the result of this. Cubism was an innovative movement and was very influential to the art produced later. Being a pioneer of cubism, Pablo Picasso was criticized and his works led to controversy. Cubism involved the use of geometric shapes and this can be seen from one of Picassos works, Les Demoiselles dAvignon. Picasso was very influenced by the social situation at that time, were prostitution, sickness and instability were amongst the flaws of society. That is why he chose to portray the women with deform figures, some of them even with African-like masks.Through this brief analysis of the story of art, one can see how each period portrayed beauty in different ways. It all, mainly, depended on the social situation, economy and religion at that point in time. It is clear how the conventional idea of beauty lost its control over art as we approach the present. Also, the realism and detail used in earlier stages, was almost irrelevant in more modern times. On e should appreciate how art evolves according to the time and the people producing it, and how powerful it really is for the observer.

Expounding Upon Risk Factors

Given the repercussions of developing osteoarthritis and taking into consideration the considerable number of individuals with such a condition, it is without doubt essential to gain further insights regarding the peril factors for such a manifestation of arthritis currently, a number of risk factors eat been identified, with the following be among the most commonly noted variants obesity, transmittables, bone density, and injury (Felson, 2000).Beginning with obesity, one may logically assume that the additional weight of an individual would affect or peradventure worsen such an inflammatory disease. Past studies have indeed proven that contrary to previous notions, obesity results to greater risks of developing osteoarthritis instead of the aforesaid(prenominal) inflammatory disease being a causative agent for obesity (Felson, 2000). Possible explanations for such have to a fault been uncovered from past scientific endeavors.Aside from the deteriorative set up of excessive we ight to bone structure in hip and knee areas, the existence of biochemical alterations arising from obesity which further increase ones risk has also been speculated (Felson, 2000). As noted beforehand, genetic factors may also heighten the risk for the manifestation of osteoarthritis. In particular, studies have shown that the aforesaid disease may in reality be regarded as quite heritable furthermore, it has been determined that the likelihood of acquiring hip and spine related osteoarthritis may often be traced and estimated from genetic roots (Spector & MacGregor, 2004).Even though it is understandable to inappropriately assume that inflammatory diseases are mainly related to physical or phenotypic aspects of the human body, it is also uncoiled that most scientific decisions as of late highlight the encompassing effects of genetic factors in the disease development. In fact, a myriad of chromosomes, such as 9q and 11p, have already been linked with osteoarthritis susceptibilit y also, several genes have been hypothesized to serve as potential triggers for the abovementioned disease (Spector & MacGregor, 2004).Hence, in attempting to evaluate ones chance of developing osteoarthritis, genetic considerations should undeniably be taken into consideration. rise density is another risk factor for osteoarthritis. To further expound, studies have established that an change magnitude amount of bone in a given area, especially in those which often provide support for weight, may also heighten ones susceptibility to osteoarthritis (Dequeker, Mokassa, & Aerssens, 1995).The explanation to such emphasizes the connection between the functions of castanets and cartilages especially in terms of absorbing or transmitting shock from movement. As bone density increases, there is a tendency for such to become excessively rigid, which would allow for a greater efficiency in allowing impact to be passed on from bones to cartilages eventually, the cartilage are deteriorated d ue to such a process (Dequeker, Mokassa, & Aerssens, 1995).Indeed, impact is an important consideration, in understanding the relation between the fundamental functions of the skeletal system and the development of osteoarthritis not only does the aforesaid system provide protection but it should not be overlooked that bones and cartilages serve as the main means of structural support for the most basic actions, highlighting the frequency in which such are utilized. Evidently, injuries are also regarded as risk factors for osteoarthritis.As established from past scientific pursuits, the degree of risk of acquiring such an inflammatory disease due to injuries differ based on severity however, regardless of the severity, it has been noted that men nonetheless had a higher tendency of developing osteoarthritis from such (Cooper et al. , 1998). In relation to this, there have also been previous debates as to whether injuries are precursors to osteoarthritis instead of being mainly the result of the inflammatory disease.Significant evidence highlighting the causative nature of injuries includes the finding that patients suffering from osteoarthritis, who also suffered from hip injuries, often only experienced occasional aching and soreness characteristic of the abovementioned illness years after being wound (Cooper et al. , 1998). Hence, from the points discussed above, it becomes evident that osteoarthritis is indeed an inflammatory disease of complicated nature.ReferencesCooper, C., Inskip, H., Croft, P., Campbell, L., Smith, G., McLaren, M., & Coggon, D.(1998). Individual Risk Factors for Hip Osteoarthritis Obesity, Hip Injury, and Physical Activity. American Journal of Epidemiology, 147(6), 516 522.Dequeker, J., Mokassa, L., & Aerssens, J. (1995). Bone Density and Osteoarthritis. J.Rheumatol. Suppl, 43, 98 100.Felson, D.T. (2000). Osteoarthritis New Insights. Annals of Internal Medicine, 133(8), 635 646.Spector, T.D. & MacGregor, A.J. (2004). Risk Factors o f Osteoarthritis Genetics.Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 12(1), 39 44.

Opinion Essay

With a right-hand(a) cable obstruction, ones television spate display 75+ bring of moving pictures. At somewhat propose in our lives, we ingest watched television. There ar legion(predicate) reasons why television magical spells to many an(prenominal) people. In an effort to orison to large numbers of people, many television shows look to outdo one another for ratings. Unfortunately, a quest for ratings sometimes leads to a lack Of valuable and educational material. While it is easy to chastise television for some of its raunchier shows, we might agree that television potful offer some valuable, quality television programs.For this screen assignment, administer the following In your opinion, is television grave or bad for Ameri crapper society? In either case, what evidence give notice you provide to strengthen your point? For this shew, you giveing want to do the following Choose 1 or 2 shows that can patron strengthen your argument (focusing on withal many sho ws will ca habit you to lose track of your main point) Incorporate outside sources that agree and help strengthen your position in the essay (a minimum of 2 sources are required aside from your television show as an example) Remember that it is not complete to say, Television is bad or Television is a good thing. You must explain how and why. PAP Format Engel is 3 pages Font Times New romish Spacing double-spaced Remember, a strong essay will have a clear dissertation statement that establishes your position. The remainder of your essay will behave your thesis statement with reasons and evidence. Module 1 Homework appellative Instructions upon proveing the Essay 1 prompt, you will consider your position on the essay topic. Your task for this Module 1 Homework Assignment is to try an introductory paragraph with a thesis statement regarding the above essay topic.Remember that a thesis is the claim or main idea or put in of an argument, so you will submit your claim in this Mod ule 1 Homework Assignment. F-or some information about writing thesis statements, please read Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements (Purdue Online Writing Lab). Since you have to submit a thesis statement for this assignment, it will help to include an introductory paragraph. Remember that a thesis statement (your claim/argument) is usually placed toward the end of the introductory paragraph.By including your thesis statement in your introductory paragraph, you allow your reader to understand your argument primal in the essay. Once you have an introductory paragraph with a strong Hess statement, the remainder of your essay will flow better. There is a very postgraduate concentration of violent and sexually suggestive shows on television. In certain circumstances, however, television can be a powerfully beneficial medium, when drug abused properly. The American society has taken too much of an entertaining stance to television, and children now are too involved in the wr ong types of shows.Although television has many controlling aspects, the potential negative consequences of some shows outweigh the positive. Part II Using Appeals Directions aft(prenominal) you have written your introduction and thesis statement, oh should consider what you will use in order to convince your audience. For each ethos, pathos, and logos write a paragraph in which you describe how you would use this appeal in your essay. Ethos (Credibility), or good appeal, means convincing by the character of the author. We tend to believe people whom We respect.One of the central problems of parentage is to project an impression to the reader that you are someone worth listening to, in other words making yourself as author into an authority on the subject of the paper, as well as someone who is likeable and worthy of respect. With the respected community of the PAP and CAP on childhood psychiatry, one can trust that with the research the medical professionals are conducting, credible information will be portrayed. Common Sense Media is dedicated to the media aspect Of childhood, and its information is verifiable through various outlets.Debate. Org is a community based website where every mean solar day people can make their opinions heard. With the diverse group represented here, there are many differing backgrounds weighing in on the presented scenarios. Pathos (E driftal) means persuading by appealing to the readers emotions. We can look at texts ranging from classic essays to contemporary advertisements to see how pathos, emotional appeals, are used to persuade. Language choice affects the audiences emotional response, and emotional appeal can effectively be used to enhance an argument.With childhood fleshiness at an all-time high in the United States, something needs to be done. After years of watching television, missing countless opportunities for physical object lesson, more Americans are becoming all overweight, causation a wide variety o f health issues. A dust at rest tends to stay at rest, while a body in motion tends to stay in motion. This reflects on how metabolism is slowed when someone is oppress the couch cushions in front of the television. Logos (Logical) means persuading by the use of reasoning.This will be the most important technique we will study, and Aristotle favorite. Well look at deductive and inductive reasoning, and discuss what makes an effective, persuasive reason to back up your claims. Giving reasons is the sum total of argumentation, and cannot be emphasized enough. Well study the types of support you can use to substantiate your thesis, and look at some of the common logical fallacies, in order to fend off hem in your writing. Data on obesity is suddenly clear. Americans are gaining weight at an alarming rate.At the risk of condoning television watching, flip through the conduct and see how many commercials for both weight loss supplements and exercise programs are for sale. It is a m atter of common sense that Americans are becoming lazy and would pick to take a pill to lose weight over physical exercise. There have been many studies showing that childhood obesity is linked to the hours worn-out(a) watching television. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention states that obesity now effects 7% of all children and adolescents in the united States, which is triple the rate from merely one generation ago.Opinion EssayWith a proper cable obstruction, ones television can display 75+ channels of moving pictures. At some point in our lives, we have watched television. There are numerous reasons why television appeals to many people. In an effort to appeal to large numbers of people, many television shows look to outdo one another for ratings. Unfortunately, a quest for ratings sometimes leads to a lack Of valuable and educational material. While it is easy to chastise television for some of its raunchier shows, we might agree that television can offer some valu able, quality television programs.For this essay assignment, consider the following In your opinion, is television good or bad for American society? In either case, what evidence can you provide to strengthen your point? For this essay, you will want to do the following Choose 1 or 2 shows that can help strengthen your argument (focusing on too many shows will cause you to lose track of your main point) Incorporate outside sources that agree and help strengthen your position in the essay (a minimum of 2 sources are required aside from your television show as an example) Remember that it is not enough to say, Television is bad or Television is a good thing. You must explain how and why. PAP Format Engel is 3 pages Font Times New Roman Spacing double-spaced Remember, a strong essay will have a clear thesis statement that establishes your position. The remainder of your essay will support your thesis statement with reasons and evidence. Module 1 Homework Assignment Instructions upon re ading the Essay 1 prompt, you will consider your position on the essay topic. Your task for this Module 1 Homework Assignment is to submit an introductory paragraph with a thesis statement regarding the above essay topic.Remember that a thesis is the claim or main idea or premise of an argument, so you will submit your claim in this Module 1 Homework Assignment. F-or some information about writing thesis statements, please read Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements (Purdue Online Writing Lab). Since you have to submit a thesis statement for this assignment, it will help to include an introductory paragraph. Remember that a thesis statement (your claim/argument) is usually placed toward the end of the introductory paragraph.By including your thesis statement in your introductory paragraph, you allow your reader to understand your argument early in the essay. Once you have an introductory paragraph with a strong Hess statement, the remainder of your essay will flow better. T here is a very high concentration of violent and sexually suggestive shows on television. In certain circumstances, however, television can be a powerfully beneficial medium, when used properly. The American society has taken too much of an entertaining stance to television, and children now are too involved in the wrong types of shows.Although television has many positive aspects, the potential negative consequences of some shows outweigh the positive. Part II Using Appeals Directions After you have written your introduction and thesis statement, oh should consider what you will use in order to convince your audience. For each ethos, pathos, and logos write a paragraph in which you describe how you would use this appeal in your essay. Ethos (Credibility), or ethical appeal, means convincing by the character of the author. We tend to believe people whom We respect.One of the central problems of argumentation is to project an impression to the reader that you are someone worth list ening to, in other words making yourself as author into an authority on the subject of the paper, as well as someone who is likable and worthy of respect. With the respected community of the PAP and CAP on childhood psychiatry, one can trust that with the research the medical professionals are conducting, credible information will be portrayed. Common Sense Media is dedicated to the media aspect Of childhood, and its information is verifiable through various outlets.Debate. Org is a community based website where every day people can make their opinions heard. With the diverse group represented here, there are many differing backgrounds weighing in on the presented scenarios. Pathos (Emotional) means persuading by appealing to the readers emotions. We can look at texts ranging from classic essays to contemporary advertisements to see how pathos, emotional appeals, are used to persuade. Language choice affects the audiences emotional response, and emotional appeal can effectively be u sed to enhance an argument.With childhood obesity at an all-time high in the United States, something needs to be done. After years of watching television, missing countless opportunities for physical exercise, more Americans are becoming overweight, causing a wide variety of health issues. A body at rest tends to stay at rest, while a body in motion tends to stay in motion. This reflects on how metabolism is slowed when someone is crushing the couch cushions in front of the television. Logos (Logical) means persuading by the use of reasoning.This will be the most important technique we will study, and Aristotle favorite. Well look at deductive and inductive reasoning, and discuss what makes an effective, persuasive reason to back up your claims. Giving reasons is the heart of argumentation, and cannot be emphasized enough. Well study the types of support you can use to substantiate your thesis, and look at some of the common logical fallacies, in order to avoid hem in your writing. Data on obesity is perfectly clear. Americans are gaining weight at an alarming rate.At the risk of condoning television watching, flip through the channels and see how many commercials for both weight loss supplements and exercise programs are for sale. It is a matter of common sense that Americans are becoming lazy and would choose to take a pill to lose weight over physical exercise. There have been many studies showing that childhood obesity is linked to the hours spent watching television. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention states that obesity now effects 7% of all children and adolescents in the united States, which is triple the rate from just one generation ago.

Religion Universality

Introduction Universality or Universalism is a life philosophy not a religion. Universality is grounded on cognizance and tries to fill in the missing spiritual blanks. Universality is about connecting with something bigger outside yourself purely on your own terms as opposed to cosmos told what to believe as in a religion. Its also about leading a good life and doing good to others because you know its the office thing to do not because some hotshot is telling you to. There be many people that find a purely scientific view to be too empty.All religions on the other hand, have great spiritual insight but with many unfounded beliefs thrown in. These beliefs argon either the harvest-time of the primitive thinking of ancient peoples or attempts to simplify or window-dress the message to attract common people. The goal of Universality is not to replace recognition and religion but to complement them. Universality is completely dependent on good acquirement. Universality is for tho se who are let down with their religion or spiritually stymied with their religion.It is also for those of a scientific bent that feel something fundamentally missing from their lives. Universalism, in its primary sense, refers to religious, theological, and philosophical concepts with universal application or applicability. Religion in this context is defined as a coterie of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving pious and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs.The path that leads to peace will be, no doubt, long and arduous, but we cannot pull down begin the journey until we pass through the gate. Above the gate is the required universal affirmation On the path that leads to peace we are all members of one human family, brothers and sisters one of another.. The need for a universal religion Religion, i s a matter of inner conviction and an outer way of life is a mere consequence of it. People, as long as they are humans ,have a right to differ from one another in their convictions and are rim to have different ways of life.Religion is a means to end the soul searching desire to seek freedom from mundane activities. There are numerous religions in the world that have differences because they are all the outcome of different traditions and backgrounds. Yet , religion has become, somehow the reason for a variety of conflicts, bulk killings, huge protests and sometimes even fruitless wars resulting in bloodshed. The importance of the Universal Religion system lies in the fact that it is a moral principle that require no imposing or instruction.People need not sacrifice or renounce their religion rather follow a basic set of rules in their day-to-day life which will help them run their lives smoothly. This concept needs no preaching.. for, it is based on the HUMAN BEING.. and the in ner sense-conscience. The sixth sense-rational question helps us distinguish the right from wrong. Yet we find many, killing their own conscience for brutal reasons. It is when such activities take place .. the need for a parvenu way of life, a new well-constructed path, arises. DISADVANTAGES OF THE EXISTING SYSTEMAs we all know, the present system of religion has created many a division among people ,though science and technology are rapidly growing. Some of the major disadvantages of the existing system are listed below. ?Religions dont match upto feelings. ?Beliefs dont match reality. ?Sometimes, grim adherence to principles can stand in the way of common sense. ?Religions separate. Just as religions are able to bring people together, it can create a huge gap between them too- of different religions. For they all believe, but they still see only the differences, and not the similarities.Sometimes, depending on the formal teachings and practices of some religions, there is a te ndency to restrict free and open doubtfulness on a variety of subjects that include philosophy, politics, culture, medicine and the sciences in general. In place of open inquiry some religions teach that there is material (like the Bible and other writings considered sacred) that covers all that is important, for example, regarding the formation of the universe or the beginnings of humankind. Inquiry into these questions that follows a line hostile to the religions teaching is considered not only futile but inherently bad.This disadvantage in no way applies to all religions everywhere. The rules for the new system In effectuate that the above mentioned disadvantages are solved,a new set of rules have been compiled. The speciality lies in the fact that ,this is not a religion yet a life philosophy. any new religion was started to address the above issues. Yet, the basic aim is to remove the divide termed religion. The various simple rules to be followed are ?Treat others as you w ould like to be treated. ?Help yourself enough so that you may best help others. ?Right thought Right speech ?Right action ?You are the planets keeper. ?Tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth ?Keep your agreements. ?Respect one and all. ?never go against your own conscience. ?Never kill. Conclusion The above system will ,in all ways prove to be an advantage. We hope that the above mentioned rules will help mankind to lead a life rich in kindness and moral values. Hoping that the above mentioned rules address the present chaotic religious scenario , we conclude that we are not here to preach,but to jockstrap practice. ***********************

Charles Dickens builds Essay

Great Expectations is a play written by the famous smartist Charles deuce in the mid 1800s. Great expectations is entrap in the early Victorian times this was a time were great social changes took place. This was when there were big differences between the fatty and the short(p) and if you did not excite money, you were not treated the same way as if you did. Charles Dickens tried to educate the poor just about the differences in society and the divides between rich and poor through his novel. Books in those days were accounted as luxuries and barely the rich had luxuries as they could afford them, therefore the poor people never got to read the books that were published.Charles Dickens on the other hand wrote his whole novel in parts, these were then published in a weekly magazine called All The Year Round Dickens may have done this so that both the rich and the poor could read his novel. Great expectations is all about a little poor orphan called Pip and how his life is cha nged from being poor to rich, throughout the play we see Pip change as in the middle of the play he postulate into beings a person of great expectations as a unnamed benefactor (Abel Magwitch) pays for him to be a gentleman.The novel Great expectations tends to reflect the life of Charles Dickens himself and is fairly autobiographical as at a very young age Charles was sent to a blacking factory as his father was deeply in debt payable to this Dickenss whole family went to debtors prison. Charles was then sent off to work in a blacking factory to pay off his fathers debts. Later on in life after Dickens father was released Charles went back to school and as he grew up he finally became a very famous novelist. This reflects on how Pip is a poor orphan who has no money and less if no education is sent to London to become educated and become a gentleman due to an unnamed benefactor.In Great Expectations, Pip is the main typeface as the whole novel is base around him and his life. He is both the central character, whose actions make up the main plot of the novel, and the narrator, whose thoughts and attitudes make the readers view about the story. In the origination of chapter one, we see Pip standing alone in a marshy churchyard in front of seven gravestones when he suddenly is confronted by Abel Magwitch an big, scarey escaped convict who has an iron shackle on one of his legs.Magwitch grabs hold of young Pip and turns him teetotum down looking for diet but only finds a loose crust of bread from within his pockets. Magwitch then threatens Pip by tell to him that he will tell a person that he knows which will grab him and take his liver out wherever he is, if he does not listen to him. Pip is very innocent and nave and believes Magwitchs threats and in fear accepts the deal of bringing him some food and a file so that he can take the iron shackle off.As Pip returns home and next the day early in the morning gets up to take some food and a file to Magwit ch. Whilst Pip is steal the food and the file we find out the he has a very strong conscience as when he is taking the food out the cupboard he hears voices Mrs Joe wake up wake up also when Pip has the left the house and is on the way to marshes he hears the animals the cow the horse saying catch that thief catch that thief. This makes the opening chapter very interesting and effective as we do not really know much about Pip and we know nothing about Magwitch the escaped convict.Charles Dickens builds up a lot of tension as when Pip is stealing the food we do not know if he is going to make it or if is he going to be caught on the way. Throughout the play Pip changes in character a wide range as first he is a very innocent and patient of hearted child and later on in the novel we see a different side of him as when he comes for his sisters funeral he doesnt want to stay at his old house instead at a posh hotel at this time Pip is a snob and dislikes his family as they do not hav e social manners and not a lot of money. Pip always had the desire to marry Estella and become a member of a social class by being educated and a gentleman Near the end of the play we see Pip and see what the real important part is being honest and good hearted not rich and arrogant.Magwitch is the second character we meet his entrance is rather dramatic and at first he seems very scary as he is a convict. He threatens Pip to make him do work for him Ill cut your throat. Magwitch seemed to be very violent as he grabs hold of Pip and turns him upside down looking for food also he sits Pip on a gravestone and scares him. Magwitch in the first chapters has a very effective effect, as he is criminal and is on the marshes, which indicate that he has escaped this makes him, look even scarier. Also as Magwitch is first introduced he glared and growled giving an indication that he was very violent and a dangerous person.We start to see the softer side of Magwitch when he is caught and say t hat he stole the file and the mince Pie and doesnt bring Pip into it As the play continued we later find out about more of the softer side of Magwitch and that he really is a good hearted kind person we find out about this when he is revealed to be Pips mysterious and unnamed benefactor and the reason for that being was that he gave food to Magwitch when he was on the marshes starving.

How does Rees use Language to Make the Reader Empathise with Mary? Essay

In the story, Witch Child, Celia Rees uses many different components of language to make the proofreader realise with the main character, bloody shame. Witch Child is a book, compiled of diary entries, indite by a young woman called Mary, who lived in the 17th century. Rees uses empathy to make the book await more personal, deal the reader is the only one discipline it. Empathy is alike important, because it is when you understand and identify with somebody elses problems or emotions, and if the reader discovers a bond with Mary then they ar going to continue course session the book.It keeps the book gripping and stimulating. Celia Rees creates empathy in many ways, using a clever but subtle style. She uses positionors such as sentence structure, emotive language and intent to provoke a feeling, similar to the one she has created for Mary. Reess style subject matter that with give away the reader realising it, they be stick with hooked. In this essay, I leave alone be f inding out how she uses language to do this and impart be including retell from the book.At the root, before the story begins we are given a little background information. This information is non true but we are told that the diary entries were found hidden and that they are a true story. Witch Child is in fact entirely allegory but this prologue helps with creating empathy because if the reader believes it is real then their emotions are as well as more likely to be real. If something is realistic then you are going to believe it where as if you know it is made up, then you will not relate to it. in any case the way that it is in diary format helps as well. It makes it see more personal and make the reader feel valued because they have been allowed to read personal thoughts and feelings.The language Celia Rees uses has a large effect on the way the reader interprets her intelligences. slightly of the language is in the style of how it would have been compose in the time t he book is set. Sometimes the words in the sentence are in a different order to what is familiar today, and sometimes she on the dot uses uncommon words. However, Rees has used a simplified language, to appeal more to her target audience, of teenage and older children. This is sore because a diary in the 1600s would have been written in such a way that modern children/teenagers may have struggled to understand the core behind her words. Celia Rees intentionally chose this language, and it has helped the book seem more realistic.Mary goes through a lot as she grows from a girl to a woman. At the beginning her grandmother, who was her main guardian and who she was very close to, was killed after being accused of being a temptress. This is a key part of the story, and is carried through the story. It makes the reader empathise with Mary because her grandmother is her only family, and the only one that has ever cared for her, so when she is taken away it would have been very upsetti ng. One quote from the book that I think illustrates this well is The men watched, as the woman did this and my grandmother was forced to stand before their gloating eyes, a naked old lady This quote is from when her grandmother is going through witch tests. The reader empathises with Mary at this point because Mary empathises with her grandmother.The words naked and old make her grandmother seem vulner equal to(p) and helpless. She adepts vulnerable because she is naked and being watched by strangers. The way she is described as old makes her seem defenceless, which to some extent was probably true. She had no dignity in front of the men and was probably embarrassed and ashamed. The word forced makes it sound like the men have bullied her into it. Rees tells the story so that the men seem higher and superior (but cruel) and her grandmother seems humble and this makes her sound innocent. The men seem quite sick and perverted for wanting to watch an old woman naked. The word gloati ng makes it sound like they are proud of themselves and happy that an old woman is being hurt. The mens eyes are described which implies that they are watching intently.We feel empathy for Mary because she must have been there, to know the story is such detail, and the reader feels bad because they know there is aught she can do. Also the reader feels guilty because the way Mary has written my makes it sound like she is quite protective of her grandmother. Also you get the impression that, understandably, Mary resents the woman that is pain in the ass her grandmother and as I have already said, the reader automatically thinks the woman and men are cruel and the bad ones, therefore again the reader empathises with Mary. This is overly near the first time the witch theme is mentioned. The quote seems so horrific it makes you think that they wouldnt just do it to anyone. This makes you wonder whether she was in truth a witch, and this question is continued to be asked passim the bo ok.Another quote from the book is, I seized on this, turning the leaves, hoping that here I would find the answers to restraint my heart. The first thing the reader thinks about and pictures is Mary, searching in desperation. This shows she is curious to find out about her past. You get the idea she is so disturbed that she has forgotten her surroundings and is lost in her own world. You think of her searching because Rees says find answers and turning the leaves. The whole quote creates a distressed and quite get down standard atmosphere. Seized on this makes her sound even more fraught because it makes it sound like she unfeignedly noticed it, and immediately thought it could solve her uncertainties.The way Rees uses the phrase relaxation method my heart makes you realise that Mary must have been fretting over it for a yearn time. Ease my heart is to a fault an example of emotive language because it is tidy and provokes a reaction from the reader. Another example of emotive language in the quote is hoping and both of these makes you feel empathy with Mary because you feel her longing, and therefore create a stronger bond with her. Emotive language adds to empathy between the reader and Mary because if you feel a bond then you are going to understand her emotions and link it to yourself. Rees also uses quite an old fashioned style of language.She uses the word leaves which these days is unlikely to be used, a more familiar word would be pages. This makes it more realistic, which inwardness the reader is more likely to connect with Mary and feel empathy. You feel empathy with Mary because most people have really wanted to know or find something out. The reader also feels empathy with Mary because the quote is quite personal and, I think, quite obviously from a diary. This makes her emotions seem raw and unchanged, and this makes the bond stronger between her and the reader because it sounds like her feelings are truly coming from her heart. The bond st rengthens as the quote goes on.This is because with each clause she adds more detail, creating a more intense look and making your emotions more extreme and that therefore increases the level of empathy between Mary and the reader. In this quote you also start to get the impression that Mary is an outsider. This is because she has just boarded the boat she will be travelling on and is sat on her own looking through a case at this point quite she could be meeting new people or exploring the boat. This is a theme that is carried on throughout the book.Rees carries on portraying Mary as an outcast throughout the book. The reader wonders why this is. It could be because Marys grandmother was killed, or it could be to do with the fact that she has to cover up any signs of her supernatural background. The near quote shows the way she has to hide her abilities in order to try and fit in, I have seen his past. I have seen his future. I know how death will come to him and I feel the knowl edge like a burden. Grandmother said never to reveal the manner of someone dying. This quote continues both the witch and the not fitting in theme. It goes against the common belief that witches dont exist because its saying she has seen an extraordinary thing, and has powers. It makes the reader wonder whether she is actually a witch or whether she was hallucinating. The reader feels sorry for her because she has just seen something very important and she has to keep it to herself. The reader empathises with Mary because she cant do anything about the powers she was given, she didnt ask for them, she was just given them, and all she wants to do is live a normal life, and she cant. She is trying to be good and please everyone, her grandmother wouldnt have wanted her to tell but she is probably wondering if it would be the best thing or not. The whole quote creates a stressed atmosphere and there is definitely a sense of confusion, while she is trying o work out what to do for the b est. The way Rees says like a burden makes it sound like Mary really didnt want to have that vision, and now she has to keep it to herself its even worse. It also makes it sound like it strains her, which probably nitty-gritty she has had more than one of these visions. You also get the impression that she has had numerous visions because it says Grandmother said which make it sound like her and her grandmother talked about how to deal with them. The fact that she has had several premonitions intensifies the empathy connecting the reader and Mary because she must have been put under a lot of stress. The quote sounds almost like she is keeping something to herself, and that she is not really saying how she feels about the event. She doesnt say whether she is angry, proud or any emotion. This could be Rees cleverly linking in the time when the book was supposedly written. In the 1600s, the norm was not to show what you were feeling inside. This would explain why she has not written i t. However this explanation has a weakness because the book is composed of diary entries, so why would she hold her feelings back. The quote has quite a few light sentences in it. These make it dramatic and it gets to the point. It can mean a point is emphasised, and in this case it does. It means that there is only one point in the sentence and so the readers attention cant be diverted.Mary never seems to be sure of what she is meant to be doing. She doesnt really stand up for herself and nearly always does what other people tell her. A good example of this is, I do not know what this place has in store for me. The ship is familiar to me it has been home to me. This quote is appropriate because Mary doesnt want to leave her comfort zone, but will when everybody else goes. She doesnt really stand up for herself because she has got on a boat and is now in America, with no-one she knows. This quote makes the reader feel empathy connecting themselves and Mary, because most people have been reluctant to do something and to leave their comfort zone which is exactly what Mary is feeling at the moment. Sentence structure plays a key part in how the sentence comes across. Short sentences often sound more dramatic and can add abuse to a sentence. Long sentences can be used to add detail and make an image in the readers mind. Witch Child uses both short and long sentences add different personal effects, including empathy. In this quote short sentences help the reader to understand Marys emotion. The short sentences make it sound like she is discourse fast which could be linked to panicking and not wanting to do something you have to. This adds to the empathy because if she is panicking it means it is something she really doesnt want to do, which makes the reader feel almost guilt. The short sentences add pace and make you realise she cant go back. You feel guilty because even though it isnt your fault you feel like your taking the only thing thats normal away from he r. The word familiar makes you think the boat is comforting and she is happy on board. The quote also makes you realise that even if she did protest, they had already made the journey and there was nothing she could do about it, she was stuck in America. The reader also questions why Mary doesnt want to leave the boat, whether it is just that the boat is familiar or whether there is something more to it. The reader could wonder, maybe she doesnt want to have to make a whole new life, maybe shes scared of being rejected by the others or maybe shes scared the new people will find out shes a witch. Again her emotions are not clearly written about instead the style in which it is written means you can pick it up from the context. It could be as before, the age problem, nobody then talked about their feelings. Another explanation could be that she doesnt want to come to terms with her feelings because they will upset her. If that were true then there would be a stronger sense of empathy because the reader would feel sorry for Mary, not being able to display her emotions openly.Rees uses powerful words to get through to the reader. In each of the quotes I have chosen so far I have picked at least one word out, and I probably could in most of the book. My few singular things. All I have to show for my life so far lived. There are powerful words in this quote that are very important, without them, the quote wouldnt mean the same thing. The words precious and few makes the items seem very dear and valuable to her and makes it sound like shes needy. They are all shes got, which makes her sound like shes alone. You also get the impression that she relies on them and this makes her sound vulnerable. The outcast theme is continued here because she is alone and has been rejected by the group. This is a depressing part because she has nothing positive in her life. However she values what she has and is not being a brat by saying that she wants more. The words all I have als o makes her sound weak. The reader understands Marys feelings at this point because she sounds vulnerable and susceptible which makes her sound innocent and the reader is more likely to trust and feel close to her if they think she is innocent. The reader also feels empathy with Mary because she has been rejected by a group, which is what she has always feared, and this makes the outcome even more damaging. The quote again is written in an old fashioned/ funny style. This time it is not the words used but actually the word order so far lived is an unusual way of arranging the words, the normal way today would be lived so far or just simply so far.Celia Rees uses many effects to get the reader to feel empathy, and they have all worked. She cleverly made choices so the reader was drawn in and made to feel a companionship and friendship with Mary. From analysing quotes I have learnt a lot more than at first glance.

Patients Presentation Of Condition Risk Health And Social Care Essay

Some of the diligents that receive alveolar hinderance get under iodins skin a history of economic crisis. It is estimated that 1 in 10 US grownups flip falloff, harmonizing to the most live informations and statistic of Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , Division of large(p) and Community Health1. Mevery of those diligents have some grade of anxiousness when academic session on the alveolar consonant chair that might even get down at their determination to travel to the tooth doctor. Depression and associated anxiousness negatively affect forbearings perceptual go steady of themselves and universe around them, doing them to h oldish low self-esteem and self-efficacy. As a consequence, they run for to insulate themselves from society and neglect plastered necessities. A capacious illustration is their pick to avoid traveling to the alveolar consonant office and pretermiting their alveolar hygienics, despite their usage of antidepressant xerogenic medicines and in many instances malnutrition.Depression besides adversely impacts patients emotions towards events and results in their mundane life. For case, they might be dissatisfied with the dental intervention they ar having or its outcome regardless(prenominal) of how good the existent intervention is. Therefore, it is of spell out to non merely better their unwritten hygiene but besides to take the best, most practical intervention program that will ease the process on the patients and the tooth doctor at the same clip, and will ideally take to their long-run satis concomitantion.SignificanceAs health c atomic number 18 professionals, tooth doctors should hold the cap subjectness to grok each patient s societal, health check and psychological history and its affect on dental intervention and result. It is besides necessary that we are able to work as a squad with patient s primary medical physician and head-shrinker to orient a intervention program that is based on a p rofound apprehension of patient s status.AimThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the consequence of feeling on patients unwritten hygiene, and analyze the result of dental intervention of grownup patients with history of depression, compared to giving dental patients without depression.Patient s presentation of status or hazardThe patient being discussed in this paper has a long history of depression and anxiousness. She presents with edentulous maxilla arch and partly edentulous inframaxillary arch with badly carious, diagnostic dentition. Those five painful dentitions were besides nomadic, with terrible bone recession. Her maxillary dental racing shell and inframaxillary RPD were sick adjustment, broken, stained and had a bad olfactory neatty. Patient needed full extractions and new upper jaw and inframaxillary dental plates.Clinical QuestionWill full-grown dental patients with a history of depression have a good unwritten hygiene result, compared to adult patients without a history of depression?LITERATURE REVIEWPICOPopulationAdult dental patientsInterventionHaving a long history of depressionComparisonNot holding depressionResultImproved unwritten hygieneSearch SchemeAll articles were searched utilizing PubMed. The selected articles types were Clinical Tests, controlled clinical tests, Randomized Control Trial, freshen up and Systematic Review. Search consequences were farther narrowed by choosing merely worlds as theoretical accounts, English linguistic communication, and publication less than 10 old ages ago. Articles were elect after reexamining rubrics and abstracts, and selected based on relevance to the subject and highest grade of grounds. Using the keywords symptoms of depression, dental intervention and dental behaviour the first article, Symptoms of depression and anxiousness in relation to dental wellness behaviour and self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention gather up, was result 1 of 15 and it was selected. None o f the other consequences were relevant to the subject, so other sent of keywords were used depression and untreated dental cavities. 6 consequences were found, but the first consequence, Depressive symptoms and untreated dental cavities in cured independently, was the most relevant. And to choose a article concentrating on depression and self-pride, the undermentioned keywords were used oral exam wellness position, depression, and self-image. Article, Self-Liking, Self-Competence, Body Investment and Perfectionism Associations with Oral Health Status and Oral-Health-Related Behaviours, was result 7 of 24, and it was chosen based on its relevance and strength in reply the clinical inquiry.All three articles were cross-sectional, which is a weak type of bailiwick. Harmonizing to ADA, a cross-sectional discipline is one is the observation of a defined population at a individual point in clip or in a contract clip interval. Exposure and result are determined at the same time ( ADA- Center for Evidence Based Dentistry ) 2. Strong fellowship and causation can non be conclude from this type of mint merely weak association can be deduced. There were a really few systemic reappraisals in the hunt consequences, but none of them were relevant to the subject of this instance study. Clinical tests and cohorts were besides non found to be relevant to the subject or facilitate reply the clinical inquiry. Furtherto a greater extent, two of the three articles were conducted outside the U.S. , although published in English. There were no comparable surveies among the hunt consequences that were done in the U.S. ( snapshots of the hunt dodge attached to the dorsum of this study ) .Article AnalysisAs a consequence of the hunt scheme, three articles were selected to turn to the above-named clinical inquiry. The first 1 is highborn Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety relation to dental wellness behaviour and self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention dem and. What chiefly distinguishes this visual modality from others is the fact that it does non merely examine dental hygiene of patients with depression, but it besides investigates how those patients assess their demand for dental intervention and dental check-ups. Part of a successful dental intervention is to be aware and positive of its entire necessity and positive impact on your wellness. Otherwise, patients would be given to return back to their old unwritten hygiene wonts, doing the intervention to neglect.This survey, harmonizing to the writers, is service of process of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, which randomly followed 96 % of all births in the states of Lapland and Oulu ( n=12,058 ) 3. A 1997-1998 long-run follow-up questionnaire was sent to 31 and 32-year old participants ( n=11,541 ) , and 75.3 % ( n=8,690 ) of them responded3. The questionnaire enquired about their education-level, sign of the zodiac income, self-perceived dental intervention and dental wellness behavior2. Research workers divided the collected informations into two chief parts based on symptoms of depression and anxiousness as determined by the depression and anxiousness subscales of Symptom Checklist-25. SCL-25 is a 25-question self-report study about the presence and grade of depressive and anxiousness symptoms over the old week3. For the use of this instance study, merely data related to symptoms of depression is analyzed.The consequences of this survey were farther divided based on the strength of depression, depressed ( n=1,263 ) , sonant symptoms ( n=657 ) , and non depressed ( n=6,702 ) 3. The per centum of down, mild symptoms of depression and non down topics describing brushing their dentitions twice a twenty-four hours was 47.9 % , 52.2 % and 55.6 % severally, and describing frequent dental check-ups one time or more in a 2-year period was 64.9 % , 65.4 % , and 69.7 % respectively3. Most interestingly, the per centum of participants who expressed sel f-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand was 61.1 % , 60.4 % , and 48.4 % respectively3.After commanding for confusing factors, including gender, instruction and household income, consequences showed that there is an associated surrounded by depression and both toothbrushing twice daily and frequent dental check-ups3. As the strength of depressive symptoms addition, the frequence of tooth brushing and dental check-ups lessening. More intriguingly, this survey showed that patients who have a higher grade of depression ply to experience that they need more dental intervention, as compared to those with fewer symptoms or non-depressed. Therefore, research workers concluded in this survey that patients with depression tend to hold hapless unwritten hygiene wonts. Writers attempted to explicate this association by imputing depression to tire, psychomotor slowing and deficiency of motive, which are all factors that hinder patients from executing day-to-day life necessities th at can be every bit simple as toothbrushing. Furthermore, antidepressant medicines are known to do dry mouth, which may lend to increased dental cavities and worsened unwritten wellness.In general, the consequences in this survey and the treatment provided by the writers lead logically based on the information presented. They clearly province their hypothesis and list the collected informations in well-organized and easy to read tabular arraies. As expected, the writers do non acquire cause and consequence relationship . They, nevertheless, claim an association between the dependant and independent variables as discussed above. This claim is justified by their informations analytic thinking and research method, which is a cross-sectional survey. This type of survey has its ain drawbacks that we as research workers and professionals should be cognizant of, in order to avoid pulling the incorrect decisions and using them on our patients. It is important that we under arise the fa ilings and the strengths in this survey to recognize its restrictions in clinical pattern, and therefore guarantee better intervention results for patients.The chief strength in this survey is the big take in size followed in this survey, which increases the opportunities of holding a more accurate representation of the population. other strength is this cross-sectional survey is the fact that it is ascribe of a postal questionnaire of a long-run future cohort survey, and topics were followed since birth for three decennaries. This ensures that the research workers have a better apprehension of the demographics, and societal, medical and dental history of respondents, including the development and patterned advance or declaration of diseases over the old ages. Furthermore, other surveies focus on older populations, but in this survey, research workers examined specifically 31-32 old ages old patients to do certain that they all received cost-free alveolar consonant intervention up to 18 twelvemonth of age3. This, to a certain extent, eliminates the confusing consequence of handiness to dental attention during childhood. Other confusing factors are gender, instruction, and household income. Controling for all these variables strengthens the writers claim association between strength of depression and quality of dental hygiene. other strength is the distinction between symptoms of anxiousness and symptoms of depression. While anxiousness is found to be associated with depression, this is non ever the instance. Anxiety and depression are different psychological diagnosings with different symptoms, which many surveies fail to divide. However, this survey avoids generalisation by sorting the consequences based on patients symptoms of depression and symptoms of anxiousness individually. Furthermore, research workers farther categorized their informations based on the strength of depression and anxiousness, utilizing Symptom Checklist-25 graduated table, which is the recommended showing of psychiatric upsets in a immature grownup population3. All these categorizations of informations pull the consequences more population and disease particular, and cut down generalized decisions about depression and dental hygiene.Therefore, it seems that the overall strength of this survey is that writers avoid doing generalisations by stipulating large eligibility standards, commanding for confounders, and stipulating different grades of depression symptoms. This reinforces the association between depression and both tooth brushing and dental check-up frequence.On the other manus, this survey has some points of failing that are deserving adverting. First of them is the fact that this survey is cross-sectional, which ranks it low on the hierarchy of grounds. In other words, entirely based on the survey design, the grounds for the association between depression and dental hygiene is weak, and possibly ca nt be applied clinically until farther prospecti ve cohorts, indiscriminately clinical tests, or organized reappraisals are conducted to turn out stronger association and causing. The decisions make in this survey are based on subjective steps, as self-reported by topics in the studies. some other survey is needed to objectively analyze dental hygiene utilizing patients cavities hazard and periodontic disease.Another 2012 cross-sectional survey, entitled Depressive Symptoms and Untreated Dental Caries in Older Independently Living South Brazilians, conducted in Brazil examined the association between depression and dental hygiene wonts among big patients4. However, in contrast to the creator survey, the latter objectively assesses dental hygiene wonts utilizing the rate of untreated cavities ( DMFT index ) , presence of dental plaque, and unstimulated salivary flow rate. Another chief difference is the fact that the latter survey focused on analyzing the impact of depression on dental hygiene behaviour among the geriatric popu lation. Research workers interviewed indiscriminately selected 390 South Brazilians, who were more than 60 old ages old ( mean(a) age of 66.83 old ages ) , with at least one tooth in their teething ( average figure of dentitions of the sample was 9.94 ) 4. Oral scrutinies were done by two accredited tooth doctors. 44 out of 390 participants ( 11.3 % ) were shown to hold symptoms of depression utilizing the Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) , which harmonizing to research workers has a sensitiveness of 85.4 % and specificity of 73.9 % in naming major depression symptoms4.Data collected found that 234 participants ( 60 % ) had at least one tooth diagnosed with untreated dental decay4. The average DMFT was 22.06, with a average D of 1.25, and a average F of 2.45. Furthermore, 126 participants ( 32.4 % ) had low unstimulated salivary flow4. Consequences showed that depression symptoms were associated with untreated dental decay. Writers concluded that depressive symptoms may move as f orecasters of cavities in older grownup patients.In order to measure the credibleness of the decision, it is of import to analyse the strengths and failings of this survey. A major strength is commanding for major confusing external variables, including age, gender, abode, periodical income, instruction, and prescribed medicines, and bullet wont. Controling for abode was used as a placeholder of non merely socioeconomic position, but besides H2O fluoridization, which contributes to keeping unwritten hygiene4.Another strength in this survey is the use of hierarchical attack to analyse and rank the above external variables harmonizing to their grade of association with untreated dental cavities. This is a well-organized analytical attack to sum up collected informations, and analyze the consequence of each variable individually. Harmonizing to this type of analysis, there is a important association between depression and untreated decay ( p= 0.01 ) 4.Furthermore, research workers us ed statistical analyses to mensurate the significance of association, including X2 trials for the dichotomous variables, and Student T trials and Mann-Whitney trials for uninterrupted variables4. All these types of analysis addition the dependability of the decisions.Despite these scientific analyses and indiscriminately selected big sample, this survey is cross-sectional, which renders the association between depression and untreated cavities weak, and no causing can be drawn from this type of survey.In add-on, even though research workers attempted to command for a comprehensive list of confusing variables, it is about impossible to break the ground of untreated cavities to one variable, such as depression. Untreated decay is a consequence of a web factors medical, societal, and psychological. Even though the hierarchical analysis might be an orderly method of analysing informations, it might non be inaccurate to rank the impact of each variable on untreated cavities, as that ran k might change based on different samples or different populations. Furthermore, this survey was conducted in South Brazil, and the consequences might non be applicable to a U.S. population.Another cross-sectional survey, Self-Liking, Self-Competence, Body Investment and Perfectionism Associations with Oral Health Status and Oral-Health-Related Behaviours, aimed at tie ining self-liking and self-image to keeping one s unwritten wellness position and behavior5. This survey is of import because low self-pride is a major symptom of depression, and possibly signifiers an obstruction to effectual dental intervention.The questionnaire was answered by 217 freshman dental pupils at the University of treat and Pharmacy Carol Davila in Romania, with a average age of 19.24 years5. The study included a 20-item self-liking/self-competence graduated table, and besides gathered information about topics age, gender, smoking wonts, unwritten wellness behaviour such as flossing, brushing and oral c avity rinse, and self-perceived dental wellness such as non-treated cavities, extracted dentitions, dental hurting, esthetics and gingival disease5. Consequences showed that topics with high self-liking and self-competence were more likely to brush their dentitions twice a twenty-four hours, floss, usage mouthrinse, and see their tooth doctors more frequently5. They were besides more likely to, as one would anticipate, hold less untreated dental cavities, less extractions and healthier gum with less hemorrhage. Furthermore, it was found that depression in mundane life was positively associated with dental wellness. However, the association in this survey is weak out-of-pocket to the survey design, which is cross-sectional. Another failing in this survey is the fact that the topics are immature college pupils, who do non stand for typical patients with depression. Furthermore, the article did non concentrate on depression as a disease it examined mundane life depression instead5. In add-on, footings such as, gingival hemorrhage, untreated cavities, anxiousness, and depression might be confounding or misinterpreted by undergraduate pupils who are non dentally cognizant. For case, pupils might describe non holding untreated cavities merely because they are non experiencing any hurting. On the other manus, the comparatively big sample size, irrespective of the average age, is portion of the strength of this survey. Besides, the testers controlled for topics age, instruction and rational degree, to guarantee more accurate consequences. deductive reasoning of findingsOverall, based on the findings of the first article, Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety relation to dental wellness behaviour and self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand, one can claim that grownup dental patients with a history of depression tend to hold worse dental hygiene results, compared to those without depression. Furthermore, patients with higher grade of depression have more self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand, which is most likely a direct contemplation of their low self-efficacy. It is deserving analyzing in future surveies whether this increased perceptual experience of dental intervention demand could be utilized by tooth doctors as a incentive to better their patients dental hygiene behaviour. Furthermore, even though decisions made by the writers may look logical, they can non be faithfully applied in clinic, unless proven by a higher evidence-based survey design.Similarly, based on the consequences of the second article, one can reason that grownup dental patients with depression tend to hold more untreated dental cavities and worse dental hygiene results, compared to patients without depression. Stronger surveies are needed to turn out the association claim made in this cross-sectional survey. And for more relevant consequences, future surveies should be conducted on a big, indiscriminately selected sample of American populat ion.Similarly, the consequences of the 3rd article showed that patients with high self-liking and self-competence have better dental wellness behaviour. In contrast, depression is found to be associated with worse dental hygiene. This makes sense because low self-pride is one of the common features of depression. However, this survey design is weak and does non bring forth dependable consequences based on the findings. The sample of population examined in this survey, dwelling of immature college pupils, is clearly non an accurate representation of our typical dental patient with depression.Description of patientDemographic J.J. , 57-year-old Caucasic female. Born and raised(a) in New York, USA.Critical marks BP 130/80, pulsation 62, BMI 24Social and Personal History Divorced twice. Currently lives entirely. Patient has one jolly in college. Patient is on public assistance and has Medicaid. Patient studies utilizing intoxicant one time every six months. She is a tobacco user Cigar ettes, less than 10 a twenty-four hours, 6 pack-year history.History of Present Illness Patient struggled from depression and anxiousness for many old ages. Her depression escalated after her 2nd divorce. Medicines Pristiq, Halcion and Valium.Past Illnesss Bulimia when she was a adolescent, stopped in 2006. Cholecystectomy many old ages ago. Carpel Tunnel surgery 3 old ages ago. Arthritis which was treated surgically in her pollex. Three episodes of Bell s Palsy, unknown cause.Reappraisal of medical history and susceptibleness to chronic disease Depression doing her susceptible to cavities, periodontic disease,Review of systems and take a chance factors Depression, anxiousness, allergic reaction to penicillin, arthritis, dry mouth, malnutrition.Hazard factors High cavities hazard, moderate periodontal hazard, moderate-low hazard of unwritten malignant neoplastic disease, moderate intral-oral nutrition hazard factors, due to old dental plates and trouble mastication.Pertinent Family History Father had a heard onslaughtFinally, based on the findings of both articles, depression is associated with hapless dental hygiene behaviour and high cavities risk because of low self-esteem, reduced frequence of check-ups and tooth brushing, and antidepressant xerogenic medicines. Consequently, it seems that grownup dental patients with a long history of depression tend to hold worse unwritten hygiene results, compared to grownups without depression. However, there is no uncertainty that this premise can non be faithfully applied in clinic until a prospective cohort, randomized controlled test, systematic reappraisal, or meta-analysis is used to demo a strong association or causing. It is of import that dental patients understand that even though those current surveies are logical and analytical, they are simply based on questionnaires, which do non run into criterions for high grounds.There is no uncertainty that handling grownup patients with a long history of depression is by and large more complex than handling those without important medical history. Depression patients, as illustrated by the above articles, tend to hold more untreated cavities to get down with. In add-on, it might be more hard to convert depression patients about a intervention program, particularly if they need extractions or dental plates. They besides tend to be less compliant with their assignments and physician s instructions. Additionally, they might be more unfavorable of their tooth doctor s work and concluding result. However, all that should non impede or deter tooth doctors from handling depression patients. Everyday at NYUCD, pupils and module are able to successfully handle patients with depression, through showing compassion, apprehension, and appropriate communicating with patient. Depression patients have more self-perceived dental intervention demands compared to patients without depression. Therefore, this evident consciousness of their dental demand should be used by their tooth doctors to actuate them to have necessary dental intervention. Furthermore, possibly tooth doctors should work with patients head-shrinkers to increase their self-esteem and self-competency, which should take to bettering patients dental wellness behaviour, and accordingly, guaranting a long-run successful intervention.Ms. J.J. , patient reviewed in this instance study, has a long history of depression and anxiousness. She feels dying when she sees a tooth doctor. It was determined after seting a comprehensive intervention program that she needed full upper and lower dental plates, alternatively of her old lower RPD and upper full dental plate. Patient was so given two options either to pull out the dentition and become edentulous for a few months until the new prosthetic devices are inserted, or have immediate dental plates. Patient was ab initio disquieted and get downing shouting hysterically when she thought she could non afford the immediate dental plates . However, through proper communicating and exhaustively explicating to the patient the procedure of manufacturing immediate dental plates, including the timeframe and the fiscal facets, patient was really satisfied and agreed to acquiring immediate dental plates. And presently, patient is excited about acquiring her smiling back, like she says. Therefore, it is of import that we, as health care professionals, understand the complexness of depression and how it affects the result of dental intervention.The intent of this instance study is to happen out whether grownup dental patients with history of depression have improved dental hygiene result, comparison to those without depression. After analysing the findings in the articles and their decisions, it is evident that there is an association between depression and hapless unwritten hygiene, reduced frequence of check-up visits and tooth brushing, and increased cavities hazard. Therefore, big dental patients with long history of dep ression have hapless dental hygiene result compared to those without depression. However, it is deserving observing that future stronger surveies with big sample size are needed to be conducted in the U.S. , in order to pull dependable decisions that can be applied in our evidence-based dental medicine in clinical pattern. Depression is a complex, multifactorial disease, which requires a squad of wellness attention professionals dwelling of at least patient s tooth doctor, primary attention doctor and head-shrinker to set a comprehensive, long-run effectual intervention program for the patient.

Hobbes vs. Thoreau

doubting Thomas Hobbes book, Leviathan and Henry David Thoreaus essay, underground to urbane Government could not be more opposed when it comes to aspect at the accessible take from a judicatureal philosophy celestial horizonpoint. On the one hand, Hobbes maintains that globes utmost province is to submit oneself to the leave of the self-governing adduce. Thoreau, on the other hand, argues that under specific circumstances, it is hu sliceitys duty is to push the state. This paper will argue that Hobbes does not succeed in establishing our obligation to submit to the sovereigns authority. instead it is Thoreau whom is correct that in certain circumstances we argon obliged to resist the State. The two main issues with Hobbes indicateing in Leviathan regarding the sovereign authority stem from his explanations of the Laws of Nature and the power of the authorities. In Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government, these two issues atomic number 18 more adequately addressed. B efore establishing the reasons why Thoreaus find outs on the obligations of the citizen to the state be more correct than Hobbes, it should be noted that Thoreaus essay, Resistance to Civil Government was published 198 years after Leviathan.While Hobbes wrote Leviathan during the English Civil War, Thoreau wrote Resistance to Civil Government as an abolitionist during the time of the slavery crisis in radical England and the Mexi sight-American war. Therefore the differences in amicable scope of the two exertions are drastic. Not only was Leviathan regarded as one of the earliest works containing social contract theory, Hobbes himself is regarded as one of the key figures in the English Enlightenment, otherwise kn give birth as the Age of Reason.This context within which Hobbes thrived, and within which Leviathan was published is significant, because the philosophical method upon which Hobbes based Leviathan is modelled after a geometric proof, founded upon firstborn principl es and established definitions. In this model, each argument makes conclusions based upon the previous argument. Hobbes wanted to produce irrefutable political philosophy in Leviathan by creating a model based on geometry because conclusions that are derived by geometry are supposed to be indisputable.However Hobbes book is far from indisputable, and much of its logic is not entirely sound. This is evident in a number of examples, but most prominent are the Laws of Nature and the power of the governing. In inn to better apologise why Hobbes does not completely succeed in establishing the obligation people suck up to submit to the sovereigns authority, a brief summary of Leviathan is necessary. In Leviathan, Hobbes sets out on an geographic expedition of serviceman spirit, which eventidetu aloney hands him to the conclusion that an absolutist state, where all power lies within the hands of the sovereign authority, is necessary.The reason that Hobbes feels absolutism is neces sary is what he refers to as the state of nature. The state of nature is used to explain the inherent qualities in man that makes him behave the way he does, outside of the boundaries and limits imposed by social law. For Hobbes, the state of nature consists of selfish men who will inevitably turn to rage in their pursual to satisfy their birth selfish needs. Therefore, because all people are inherently violent in the state of nature, all are also equal because no person is above or less candid of violence than eachone else.To the argument that some are physically stronger than others, Hobbes retorts that even those who are stronger are still unsafe when sleeping. In this way, though all are equally violent, all are also equally vuln eonble. However, man is also rational, and so in response to this vulner force, mans selfish desire to ensure his suffer life above all else, will lead them to put their faith into the social contract. The basis upon which the social contract is made necessary, in other words, the state of nature, is what ultimately produces the Leviathan.Hobbes believes that in order to secure their own lives, people will automatically submit all of their emancipation into the hands of the sovereigns authority. champion of the first aspects of Hobbes work that undermines his, mostly logically-sound Leviathan, concerns the Laws of Nature. Hobbes seems to take it for granted that all the people in a hotshot state would agree with one another to submit all of their power to one authoritative entity, on the basis that they will realize it is in the best interest of their security.As professor Ian Johnston says, If human beings are the like sheep, I dont see why they need a ruler if human beings are like wolves, I dont see how they will tolerate a ruler. If, as Hobbes suggests, the state of nature is anarchy, then what aspect of nature drives all people to form a commonwealth? In this respect, it appears that Hobbes contradicts himself, fo r he proclaims that man is brutish, violent, and only concerned with self-interest, however he is also reasonable enough to form a social ontract in which his own ease and commodious living is secured. In light of the latter characteristics of man that Hobbes describes, where man is rational enough to participate in such a social contract, the necessity of submitting oneself entirely to the sovereign authority is hazardous and too extreme. The second main issue with Leviathan concerns the power of the presidential term. Hobbes fails to explain why people would trust an authority made up of other people, no different from themselves.If every person knows that their own inherent violence and selfishness is what necessitates jibe rule by an authoritative figure, would they not doubt the authority, assuming that the corruptness inside of them extends to verbalize authority as well? Hobbes does not seem to consider this issue worth much in-depth consideration, for he does not belie ve that the sovereign authority would ever put the people in a item where they need to defend themselves from the governing powers. According to Hobbes, the state will remain efficient because it recognizes its dependence upon the work of the citizens.In Hobbes words, the private interest is the same with the public. The riches, power, and honour of a monarch arise only from the riches, strength and disposition of his subjects. For no king can be rich, nor glorious, nor secure, whose subjects are either poor, or contemptible, or too worn through want, or dissention, to maintain a war against their enemies. However, the consequences on a persons ability to produce wealth for a country is not the only concern for a state in which all the power rests within the hands of a sovereign authority.Hobbes answer does not reach any further into the moral or human rights of the citizens, which are much more vulnerable to being infringed upon in an absolutist state. Hobbes neglects to address this because he believes that the state would not attack these rights based on the fact that it would potentially produce chaos, which is the exact opposite of what the sovereign authority is meant to do. It is clear that for Hobbes, the dangers of a tyrannical sovereign are more appealing than the absence of any sovereign, or in other words, a society go forth to the state of nature.While having some form of government, as opposed to rampant violence, is preferable, it is unnecessary for the citizens to relinquish all bountifuldom to the authority of the sovereign, as Hobbes suggests. It would have been impossible for Hobbes to predict the political evolution of modern states. However his rendering of the benefits of the absolutist state hint at modern examples of states where all the power has been concentrated into a single, sovereign authority, leading to the extreme corruption that Hobbes believed it would eradicate.The 20th century is full of examples of this however one t hat particularly exemplifies the dangers of follow submission to the state is Fascist Italy, ruled absolutely by Benito Mussolini from the early 1920s to the mid 1940s. Instead of aiding the state and its people, Mussolini created an illusion of what the common good really was, in order to enforce his own, absolute power. This lead to a significant decrease in security and loss of many human lives, which seems to indicate that submitting all power to the state, can lead people back into Hobbes state of nature, instead of out of it.While Hobbes minute of absolutism may have noble aims for humanity, when looked at from its primal and organic intentions, often absolutism results in the violent enforcing of rules or ideologies upon people, which is in itself a loss of security, and form of inhumane chaos. In a response to the rampant slavery in America during the 19th century and the Mexican-American war, Thoreau wrote the essay Resistance to Civil Government, hoping to incite peopl e to trust their own consciences over the rule of the law en oblige by the government.Thoreau believes that mans best process to ones own country paradoxically takes the form of resistance against it, if one feels that the government is backup unjust or immoral laws. Subverting to the government, no matter what, or out of the necessity of obligation is to the prejudice of the state and society, according to Thoreau. Instead, it is better to work to build a better one in the gigantic term, even if that means chaos or anarchy in the form of revolution n the short-term.though Thoreaus views seem much more modern than Hobbes, Thoreau does doubt the effectiveness of democracy, or rather the reform of a government from within the government. Believing that voting and petitioning for change to be inefficient, Thoreau feels that one cannot truly see the government for what it is when one is working with it, and therefore one also cannot effect change when working with the government. In precipitate contrast to Hobbes views on the role of the government, Thoreau not only proclaims, that government is best which governs least, but even going so far as to say, that government is best which governs not at all. This is an example of where conclusion the middle ground between Hobbes and Thoreau is useful. While Hobbes may be correct that some form of government is necessary to a level of order within the state, Thoreaus reasoning for why the government can be interfering can be found in modern example of politics. According to Thoreau, the government is used by a certain group of people to impose on others for their own personalized gains. In this way, the government aids the success of those who control the state while impeding the success of those who are imposed upon.This view on the government can find itself exemplified in specific aspects of the American government. Though the role of the government is to secure the safety and rights of all its citizens equally , many had dubbed the 20th century as an era of corporatism for America, securing only the interests of companies. Corporatism, in terms of politics, is when wealth is used as a tool by corporations to didder the government in the showion of their own private interests. The overwhelming dominance of corporations can broadcast beyond politics, into many aspects of society.There are a number of negative effects of corporatism for the common man, such as pervasiveness on works unions, the increase in taxes coming out of citizens pockets in order to provide direct outlays, the subsidizing of unsubsidized jobs, the erosion of virtue within commerce, etc. Thoreau would have agreed with this notion of corporate America for he believed the government to be like a machine, in which injustice is an inevitable component. Thoreau did not intend to modify the American government, but rather to shed light on what he felt was a total lack of agency or usefulness.This example establishes a mode rn framework for Thoreaus argument that the government is not infallible, and how the role of the government sometimes necessitates resistance. As Hobbes would state, it is a natural part of being human to look out for ones best interest. However, like his views on the role of the government, Thoreaus view on the nature of men appears to also be more correct, in light of current or historical politics. In other words, chaos is not always best dealt with by being replaced by subservience, but by resistance and a change in ideological structure.Another current example of the robustness behind Thoreaus argument can be found in the Arab Spring. The Arab Spring refers to the movement of uprisings that arose and spread across the Arab world in 2011. It led to many revolutionary outcomes, such as the first free Tunisian election in October the Egyptian president Mubarak being displaced by a pro-democracy movement the toppling of potentate Gadhafi, liberation of Libya, and the removal of the ban on Libyan political parties and the authoritarian leader of Jordan being forced to replace his government.None of these movements would have been possible without peoples willingness to fight to bring some of the power out-of-door from the government, and into their own hands. As if often the case with political philosophy, two Hobbes and Thoreaus views are best when aspects of both theorists are taken and combined. When the absolutist nature of the government Hobbes argues for is taken away, his belief that a governing entity is ask for maintaining a certain, and desirable, level of order becomes more valid.However in order to ensure that the rights and of citizens are protected, Thoreau is correct in arguing that resistance to an unjust government is the only way to ensure a just government. However, between Hobbes Leviathan, and Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government, the latter is more successful in establishing a sound view on the social contract. Thoreaus advocates the evolution, and not destruction of the government.Therefore his argument that the government should be one that is qualified of improvement based on the needs of the people, and his argument that people should embrace chaos if it means a just and moral reform of the government succeeds more than the arguments of Hobbes. Bibliography Bird, Alexander. Squaring the Circle Hobbes on Philosophy and Geometry. Journal of the muniment of Ideas. 10. 1 (1996) 217-231. Germino, Dante. Italian Fascism in the History of Political Thought. Midwest Journal of Political Science. 8. 2 (1964) 109-126. Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. capital of the United Kingdom Penguin Books, 1968/1651. Johnston, Ian. Four Problems in Theory. On Hobbes Leviathon. Created December 2002. Accessed November 2012. Keller, Ever. In the service of truth and victory Geometry and rhetoric in the political works of Thomas Hobbes. Prose Studies History, Theory Criticism. 15. 2 (2008) 129-152. May, Larry. Ethics in the His tory of Western Philosophy. New York MacMillan/St. Martins Press, 1990. Owen, Judd J. The Tolerant Leviathan Hobbes and the Paradox of Liberalism. Polity. 37. 1 (2005) 130-148. Schmitter, Philippe C. Still the Century of Corporatism? The Review of Politics. 36. 1 (1974) 85-131.Thoreau, Henry David. Resistance to Civil Government. The Picket Line. Work written 1894. Accessed October 2012. Turner, Jack. Performing Conscience Thoreau, Political Action, and the Plea for John Brown. judicious Publications, Inc. 33. 4 (2005) 448-471 Woods, Thomas E. The Cultural Costs of Corporatism How Government-Business Collusion Denigrates the Entrepreneur and Rewards the Sycophant. First Principles ISI Web Journal. Accessed November 2012.